This reference model groups the cloud computing functions and activities into five logical layers and three cross-layer functions. Cloud platform services or "Platform as a Service (PaaS)" deliver a computing platform and solution stack as a service, often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications. Cloud Computing Definition, Reference Architecture, and General Use Cases Instructions 1. The cloud can be further divided into different implementation models based on whether it's created internally, outsourced or a combination of the two. The three cloud implementation models are: An infrastructure cloud includes the physical components that run applications and store data. Dinkar Sitaram, Geetha Manjunath, in Moving To The Cloud, 2012. 3. Specifies entities that operate at this layer : Virtualization software, resource pools, virtual resources. The International Organization of Standardization and the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee each developed similar but separate approaches to organizing it into layers, and by 1983 the two approaches were merged to form the mod… As shown in Figure 1, the NIST cloud computing reference architecture defines five major actors: cloud consumer, cloud provider, cloud carrier, cloud auditor and cloud broker. Functions of control layer : Enables resource configuration, resource pool configuration and resource provisioning. Cloud Computing Reference Architecture Figure 1: The Conceptual Reference Model 7. For example, a user can access data stored in a database in Singapore via a mobile phone in Atlanta, or watch a video located on a server in Japan from his a laptop in the U.S.  The information cloud abstracts everything from everything. Anyone can use the Model to breakdown technology and policies to layers. Paa… Executes requests generated by service layer. Chris specializes in storage virtualization and data protection. Christopher Poelker is the author of Storage Area Networks for Dummies, and has over 30 years of experience architecting storage, backup and disaster recovery solutions. Cloud Computing – Types of Hardware Virtualization, Reference Model and Advantages Cloud Computing Lectures in Hindi/English for Beginners #CloudComputing. The information cloud is the ultimate goal of cloud computing and the most common from a public perspective. Cloud computing is composed of an assortment of layered components, beginning at the most basic physical layer of server infrastructure and storage and moving up through the network and application layers. Chris’s postings on this site are his own. Deploys security mechanisms to meet GRC requirements. Enables infrastructure configuration and resource provisioning, Enables capacity and availability management, Enables monitoring cloud services and their constituent elements. Instruction Set Architecture (ISA). By Chris Poelker, Cloud computing is made up of a variety of layered elements, starting at the most basic physical layer of storage and server infrastructure and working up through the application and network layers. The goal of a content cloud is to abstract the data from the applications so that different applications can be used to access the same data, and applications can be changed without worrying about data structure or type. There are seven layers in this model. Christopher Poelker is the author of Storage Area Networks for Dummies,  the vice president of enterprise solutions at FalconStor Software, and deputy commissioner of the TechAmerica Foundation Commission on the Leadership Opportunity in U.S. The advantage of this model is the flexibility it offers in allowing customers to create any desired computing environment by installing software of their choice. Foundation layer of the cloud infrastructure. Software applications like web browsers and email clients rely on the application layer to initiate communications. Specifies adoption of proactive and reactive measures to mitigate the impact of downtime. Cloud computing has three different service layers that are offered as services. Cloud Consumer 10. This document gives an overview of a Private Cloud Reference Model. Business continuity and security functions specify various activities, tasks, and processes that are required to offer reliable and secure cloud services to the consumers. PaaS is a model that provides access to cloud-based platforms like operating systems, database management systems, instruments for software development and testing. As an extension to the above NIST cloud computing definition, a NIST cloud computing reference architecture has been developed by the NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture and Taxonomy Working Group that depicts a generic high-level conceptual model for discussing the requirements, structures and operations of cloud computing. Deployment of the Cloud (CLOUD²). The model is described in greater detail in my 2011 O'Reilly Media book, "Virtualization: A Manager's Guide," if you care to read more. The five layers are physical layer, virtual layer, control layer, service orchestration layer, and service layer. Specifies the entites that operate at this layer : Orchestration software. These are: - Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) : The first is the infrastructure layer that is developed on the virtualization technology where the service providers offer virtual machines as a service to the end-users. The payment n PaaS depends on the level of usage. Like any complex problem, this was best tackled by breaking it up into smaller pieces. The OSI model characterizes computing functions into a universal set of rules and requirements in order to support interoperability between different products and software. The cloud computing reference model is an abstract model that characterizes and standardizes the functions of a cloud computing environment by partitioning it into abstraction layers … IT architects are continuously challenged to rapidly deliver reliable, scalable and economical cloud solutions for varying business requirements. Summary. As detailed in this chapter, the IaaS cloud computing model offers virtual computing resources (servers, storage and networking) as a service. Provider in SaaS delivers maintenance for all the IT infrastructure (servers, networks, databases) and decides what resources to provide. Cloud computing is made up of a variety of layered elements, starting at the most basic physical layer of storage and server infrastructure and working up through the application and network layers. At the base layer, the model for the hardware is declared or manifested on terms of an architecture i.e. The six layers of computing system is an abstract model. The essential concept of cloud computing, illustrated in Cloud Service, is that resources, which may be processing hardware, application platforms, or application software, are provided as a service, in a resource environment that enables them to be deployed and used, and with access via … The OSI model represents the interfaces and protocols used to communicate between devices. Layered model allows to work only with information needed. Virtualization is an approach that was developed by the pioneers of computing systems, IBM and Boroughs (now Unisys) back in the ancient days of computing, the 1960s. Application layer protocols include HTTPas well as SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is … For questions containing multiple choice answers numbered … PaaS is a central layer of the cloud architecture pyramid. The information cloud abstracts the client from the data. Virtual servers are created to run applications, and virtual storage pools are created to house new and existing data into dynamic tiers of storage based on performance and reliability requirements. Business Support Services ABBs of the Cloud Ecosystem Reference Model Supports all the layers to provide uninterrupted services. SaaS - Software as a service is the topmost service layer that can be sold among various layers of cloud architecture. The OSI model is a framework used for all communications in the cloud. The content cloud implements metadata and indexing services over the infrastructure cloud to provide abstracted data management for all content. Specifies entities that operate at this layer : Compute systems, network devices and storage devices. 1 Introduction . Subscribe to access expert insight on business technology - in an ad-free environment. Computerworld It also describes the relationships among these entities. Each actor is an entity (a person or an organization) that participates in a transaction or process and/or performs tasks in cloud computing. It facilitates deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. Using this new reference model for cloud computing it becomes easy to evaluate the benefit of cloud. The content cloud transforms data into objects so that the interface to the data is no longer tied to the actual access to the data, and the application that created the content in the first place can be long gone while the data itself is still available and searchable. Cloud Computing Reference Architecture and Taxonomy Working Group Cloud Computing Standards Roadmap Working Group Cloud Computing SAJACC Working Group Cloud Computing Security Working Group 1.2 Objectives The NIST cloud computing definition [1] is widely accepted as a valuable contribution toward providing Windows hackers target COVID-19 vaccine efforts, Salesforce acquisition: What Slack users should know, How to protect Windows 10 PCs from ransomware, Windows 10 recovery, revisited: The new way to perform a clean install, 10 open-source videoconferencing tools for business, Microsoft deviates from the norm, forcibly upgrades Windows 10 1903 with minor 1909 refresh, Apple silicon Macs: 9 considerations for IT, The best way to transfer files to a new Windows PC or Mac, Infrastructure cloud: Abstracts applications from servers and servers from storage, Content cloud: Abstracts data from applications, Information cloud: Abstracts access from clients to data, Private cloud: Created and run internally by an organization or purchased and stored within the organization and run by a third party, Hybrid cloud: Outsources some but not all elements either internally or externally, Public cloud: No physical infrastructure locally, all access to data and applications is external. My cubical in IBM was next to a wall and on the wall there was a big poster: “OSI 7 Layers Reference Model For Network Communication.” While looking at the poster with fascination and trying to get some pointers for my presentation, I said to myself “This is your clue! Specifies the entities that operate at this layer : Service catalog and self-service portal. Functions of virtual layer : Abstracts physical resources and makes them appear as virtual resources (enables multitenant environment). The three cross-layer functions are business continuity, security, and service management. Physical layer characteristics • foundation layer of the cloud infrastructure • specifies the physical entities that operate at this layer: The structure of the Internet is modeled on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. Specifies the adoption of : Administrative mechanisms (security and personnel policies, standard procedures to direct safe execution of operations) and technical mechanisms (firewall, intrusion detection and prevention systems, antivirus). This is the only layer that directly interacts with data from the user. A representatio… Enables consumers to access and manage cloud services via a self-service portal. Tutorial 1. Deployed either on virtual layer or on physical layer, Specifies entities that operate at this layer : control software. The cloud computing reference model is an abstract model that characterizes and standardizes the functions of a cloud computing environment by partitioning it into abstraction layers and cross-layer functions. Physical layer, Virtual layer, Control layer, Service Orchestration layer, and Service layer. (dedicated and encrypted connection) (capability, flexibility and functionality) 9. Business Support Services provide the business-related capabilities needed to simplify and support the end-to-end business activities of an enterprise Cloud Ecosystem. |. D. Software Kernel – This cloud layer provides the basic software management for the physical servers that compose the cloud.Software kernels at this level can be implemented as an OS kernel, hypervisor, and virtual machine monitor and/or clustering middleware. Virtual abstraction is employed so that servers and storage can be managed as logical rather than individual physical entities. Enables ensuring the availability of services in line with SLA. Also model is defined so that per-layer solutions interface with adjacent layers. Service management function specifies various activities, tasks, and processes that enable the administrations of the cloud infrastructure and services to meet the provider’s business requirements and consumer’s expectations. The following standard services will reduce complexity and simplify the enterprise business operations. The 1970s were a particularly innovative time in the history of computing, with projects all over the world examining how computers could talk to each other over wires. This simplified model is used to remove complex details and reveal the main idea of how the whole computer system works. Copyright © 2011 IDG Communications, Inc. All these levels are found within the domains of … • Define the service roadmap, service features, and service levels, • Assess and prioritize where investments across the service portfolio are most needed, • Deal with consumers in supporting activities such as taking orders, processing bills, and collecting payments, CLOUD COMPUTING GUIDEBOOK - PART 3 : THE CLOUD COMPUTING REFERENCE MODEL Cloud computing is delivered in three layers. 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