Interprofessional collaboration: effects of practice-based interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. For immediate assistance, contact Customer Service: Dunbar SB, Reilly CM, Gary R, et al. The literature search yielded 403 potentially relevant articles. your express consent. Furthermore, face-to-face interventions show a greater improvement of QoL compared with telephone-only interventions. 2016 Apr 29;4:CD009794. In conclusion, despite its limitations, this meta-analysis confirmed that collaborative care intervention effectively improved the quality of life, and psychological (anxiety) and physical (6-min walk test) functions in patients with chronic heart failure compared with routine intervention. Collaborative care has mental health specialists providing patient education as well as a structured treatment plan to patients' primary care providers. Circulation 2014;129:399–410. Circulation 2016;133:e38. 800-638-3030 (within USA), 301-223-2300 (international). Many nurses are intimidated by doctors, especially when they are new. Cost effective management programme for, [11]. Written in an abbreviated outline format, this easy-to-use Manual presents essential information on more than 75 disorders and conditions, as well … The mean patient age ranged from 57 to 80.1 years. One six month trial involving 1102 admissions evaluated daily, structured, team ward rounds, in which nurses, doctors and other professionals made care decisions jointly. Two trials involving 1945 people were included. Project administration: Xiaoting Cui, Wenyi Dong. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009794.pub2. Wiysonge CS, Abdullahi LH, Ndze VN, Hussey GD. Pharmaceutical care of patients with congestive, [12]. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features!  |  the headings are : wound care, dietary, home health referrals, social work consult, PT, OT, RT, mental health/groups, spiritual groups, and educational needs. After screening the titles and abstracts, 255 articles were excluded because of obvious irrelevance. Allocation concealment was not mentioned in any of the studies, so potential selection bias may be present. to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without In Europe, HF affects more than 15 million individuals, and global HF prevalence is expected to rise by 25% by 2030. Fourthly, some clinical items which interfere with QoL, such as age, type of HF (preserved or reduced EF), length of the disease, comorbidities, etc. Self-care and, [13]. The nursing care plan (NCP) is the end product of the planning step. Effects of coping skills training on, [30]. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. These findings confirmed that collaborative care intervention effectively improves the quality of life as well as psychological (anxiety) and physical (6-min walk test) functions in patients with chronic heart failure compared with routine care. Outcomes of care and associated nursing interventions that have been developed in collaboration with the patient provide a clear structure for the effective audit of nursing practice, facilitate better patient adherence to therapeutic regimens, and keep the patient at the centre of the care process. - they are the primary responsibility of the RN caring for the patient. Some error has occurred while processing your request. Austin J, Williams R, Ross L, et al. We will facilitate shifts in birth culture and care in the hospital setting by prioritizing the voices and lived experiences of Black people who have given birth in California.Over the course of the pilot initiative, the Collaborative will 18 Hepingli North Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100013, China (e-mail: [email protected]). Rich MW, Beckham V, Wittenberg C, et al. Data curation: Wenyi Dong, Hongxiao Zheng, Haiyan Li. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control wards in total average length of stay for all patients (11.7 days in intervention ward versus 11.6 in the control ward). 3A). The present meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Firstly, meta-analyses may be biased when the literature search fails to identify all relevant trials or in case selection criteria for including a trial are applied in a subjective manner. [3] Left ventricular myocardial function, dysfunctions of valves, the endocardium, the pericardium, and the myocardium, and altered heart rhythm are associated with HF. [1]. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. [8]. BMJ 2011;343:d5928. Moonstruck_dragon (New) I need some help with part of my care plan. Conditions for production of interdisciplinary teamwork outcomes in oncology teams: protocol for a realist evaluation. For patients to receive the best health care possible, nurses must communicate with relevant professionals about their patients’ treatment plan while also understanding the role of each assigned team member. Campbell F, Biggs K, Aldiss SK, O'Neill PM, Clowes M, McDonagh J, While A, Gibson F. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Strategies including face-to-face assessments may be more effective than remote monitoring in addressing noncardiovascular conditions, which account for about 40% of readmissions. Studies published from inception to September 2018 were identified via an electronic search of the PubMed, EmBase, and Cochrane Library databases without language restriction. 2009 Jul 8;(3):CD000072. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000072.pub3. ... Review the different nursing interventions that can be used such as independent, dependent and interdependent These gains were moderate and affected health care processes rather than outcomes. 800-638-3030 (within USA), 301-223-2300 (international) Writing – original draft: Xiaoting Cui, Wenyi Dong. Randomized controlled trial of telephone case management in Hispanics of Mexican origin with, [23]. Search for Similar Articles Say, Ms. Smith was admitted to the hospital for lung CA. To evaluate the stability of results, sensitivity analysis was performed, with one study removed from the analysis at a time. Collaboration pools resources to facilitate improvements in cost, availability, and quality of care (Tsakitzidis et al, 2016). Characteristics of studies included in this, Risk of bias assessment for the randomized trials included in the. Patient Care Standards: Collaborative Planning & Nursing Interventions Writing – review & editing: Xiaoting Cui, Wenyi Dong, Hongxiao Zheng, Haiyan Li. - nurses manage collaborative problems using physician/provider-prescribed and nursing/prescribed interventions to minimize the complications of the event. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Symptoms, depression, and, [7]. Specifically, we only selected English reports, and other eligible studies were excluded. These actions are developed in consultation with other health care professionals to gain their professional viewpoint. Secondly, language can also introduce a bias. Most nursing interventions are collaborative, which means it is going to take more than one person in order to effectively complete the nursing intervention. Five studies assessed the effect of collaborative care intervention on 6-min walk test in patients with chronic heart failure. Although there are multiple compelling palliative care requirements in HF, the patients are generally not examined by palliative care experts in outpatient clinics, since the number of palliative care experts is limited.[5]. Sherwood A, Blumenthal JA, Koch GG, et al. Severe depressive disorder is a common manifestation of HF, in coping with pain in the patients. Healthcare and the provision of healthcare services are highly complex with a vast number of disciplines or professions that contribute to the total care of the patient. Furthermore, face-to-face interventions resulted in a greater improvement of the QoL compared with telephone-only interventions. All 21 studies evaluated the effect of collaborative care intervention on the QoL of patients with chronic heart failure. Main results: Formal analysis: Xiaoting Cui, Wenyi Dong, Haiyan Li. Pooled analysis was performed with the available data comparing 1489 intervention patients with 1510 controls. (1994), this intervention is designed to prevent abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug addiction through the creation of collaborative and coordinated efforts among multiple key organizations and groups serving more than 250 individual local communities across the nation (Kaftarian and Hansen, 1994). The logistic challenge presented by the complexity of the interventions and the need for large sample sizes due to the likely modest impact and rarity of outcome events may best be met by multi-centre studies. [30] performed a meta-analysis of psychosocial intervention in patients with chronic heart failure, and demonstrated that psychosocial intervention is an efficacious means of QoL improvement. Wölfel T, Beltermann E, Lottspeich C, Vietz E, Fischer MR, Schmidmaier R. BMC Med Educ. Otherwise, the summary effect was computed using the fixed-effects model. Giving voice to patients’ and family caregivers’ needs in chronic. Any disagreement was resolved through discussion with a third investigator. Highlight selected keywords in the article text. only focused on QoL. Described as a "macro-strategy" by Cook et al. Correspondence: Xiaoting Cui, Department of Cardiology, Beijing He Ping Li Hospital, No. Recently, Samartzis et al. Data collection and analysis: Abbreviations: CCI = Collaborative care intervention, CIs = confidence intervals, HF = heart failure, QoL = quality of life, RCTs = randomized controlled trials, SMDs = standard mean differences. Effectiveness of interprofessional education by on-field training for medical students, with a pre-post design. may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed Some don’t want to be bothered. Furthermore, significantly improved anxiety level (SMD = 0.33, 95%CI 0.12–0.55, Pheterogeneity = .612, I2 = 0%) and 6-min walk test (SMD = 0.46, 95%CI 0.29–0.64, Pheterogeneity = .458, I2 = 0%) were found in the CCI group compared with the routine care group. The concept of collaborative competence is characterized by collection of diverse knowledge from a multitude of collaborating contributors (Gilbert, 2013). Collaborative Problems (Potential Complications) - certain physiologic complications that nurses monitor to detect onset or changes in status. Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, et al. About 40% of HF patients suffer from major anxiety. [2] Currently, the prevalence of HF among adults in Europe and the United States ranges from 0.4% to 2.3%. Eleven studies had no blinding of patients or the personnel. Wang TC, Huang JL, Ho WC, et al. Combined exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy improves outcomes in patients with, [24]. In this section of the NCLEX-RN examination, you will be expected to demonstrate your knowledge and skills of non pharmacological comfort interventions in order to: Nurses monitor the client's responses to non-pharmacological interventions in terms of the client's level of comfort. Assessment is the first step in the nursing process, according to the American Nurses Association (ANA). There were no differences in mortality rates or the type of care to which patients were discharged. Cline C, Israelsson B, Willenheimer R, et al. This website uses cookies. A randomised controlled trial of a facilitated home-based rehabilitation intervention in patients with, [29]. Significantly improved QoL was found in the CCI group compared with the routine care group (SMD = 0.60, 95%CI 0.27–0.94, Pheterogeneity < .001, I2 = 94.1%) (Fig. de Lusignan S, Wells S, Johnson P, et al. Studies were excluded for the following reasons: (1) absence of control subjects, (2) nonclinical studies, (3) reviews, abstracts, or conference papers, and (4) duplicate publication. The CANDLE Collaborative aims to advance systems-level changes in discharge care delivery for hospitalized children throughout and outside of California through the joint piloting and refining of local quality improvement interventions that support new evidence-based standards of pediatric discharge care. For information on cookies and how you can disable them visit our Privacy and Cookie Policy. modify the keyword list to augment your search. A summary of the risk of bias for each included study is found in Figure 2. [3]. A randomized trial of the efficacy of multidisciplinary care in, [17]. Your message has been successfully sent to your colleague. Pantilat SZ, Steimle AE. Registered users can save articles, searches, and manage email alerts. Effect of psychosocial interventions on, The item(s) has been successfully added to ", This article has been saved into your User Account, in the Favorites area, under the new folder. Significantly improved 6-min walk test was obtained in the CCI group compared with the routine care group (SMD = 0.46, 95%CI 0.29–0.64, Pheterogeneity = .458, I2 = 0%) (Fig. Further research is needed to confirm these findings. Yu DS, Lee DT, Woo J. Harrison MB, Browne GB, Roberts J, et al. Nursing interventions and assessments are two separate steps in a larger nursing process. Collaborative care is a healthcare model which aims to improve patient outcomes through inter-professional cooperation. Two investigators independently searched for eligible studies assessing the effect of collaborative care intervention in patients with chronic heart failure. The quality of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias. Patients with heart failure often report high levels of mental distress and decreased quality of life (QoL). Randomized, controlled trial of integrated, [16]. doi: 10.3205/zma001029. Significant publication bias was defined as two-sided P < .05. Independent. bDepartment of Neurology, Beijing Huaxin Hospital, Beijing, China. I2 > 50% indicated statistically significant heterogeneity; in this case, the random-effects model was used for analyses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Many doctors are abusive toward nurses, and the reasons vary from doctor to doctor. Cui, Xiaoting MSa,*; Dong, Wenyi BSb; Zheng, Hongxiao BSa; Li, Haiyan BSa, aDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing He Ping Li Hospital. Collaborative care intervention is defined in this study as a collaborative symptom care provided by a nurse and psychosocial care provided by health professionals that is focused on improving the psychologic and/or social aspects of a patient's health. Nursing interventions should be: HF has similar morbidity and mortality as many types of cancer, conferring a lower quality of life than most chronic diseases. Data is temporarily unavailable. 28,31,32 The concept of “interprofessionality,” coined by D’Amour and Oandasan 33 as a response to fragmented … Naylor MD, Brooten DA, Campbell RL, et al. 4B). Patients with chronic heart failure (HF) show many symptoms that worsen the quality of life (QoL). Pooled analysis was performed with the available data comparing 203 intervention patients with 205 controls. All registration fields are required. [8] The assessment included the following components: random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of patients and study personnel, blinding of outcome assessment, completeness of outcome data, selective reporting of outcomes, and other bias to validity. Rogers JG, Patel CB, Mentz RJ, et al. This will commonly include a primary or tertiary care team working with allied health professionals – such as dieticians, physiotherapists or mental … You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Another three month trial involving 843 admissions compared two female wards and evaluated a four times per week round. Selection criteria: Randomised trials, controlled before-and-after studies and interrupted time series of interventions to improve collaboration between nursing and medical professionals sharing patient care in primary or hospital care settings. The Begg's test revealed the existence of publication bias for QoL (Begg's test P = .027; Egger's test P = .156) (Fig. A doctor cannot fully treat a patient with breathing problems without the assistance of a respiratory therapist or ensure the complete recovery of an injured patient without the help of a physical therapist. Before launching such studies qualitative research is needed to identify barriers to collaboration. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, et al. However, patients administered face-to-face interventions experienced a significant improvement (SMD = 0.54, 95%CI 0.24–0.85, Pheterogeneity < .001, I2 = 88.7%) (Fig. Four studies examined the effect of collaborative care intervention on anxiety level in patients with chronic heart failure. Lippincott Journals Subscribers, use your username or email along with your password to log in. Doughty R, Wright S, Pearl A, et al. Selection criteria: Several limitations should be kept in mind while interpreting the current results. Research suggests that interprofessional teamwork and collaboration improve patient outcomes and access to health care. The StataSE 12 software was used to generate funnel plots, and the Begg's and Egger's tests were performed to quantify publication bias. Depression in, [5]. Therefore, interventions improving their QoL and other positive psychosocial outcomes are needed. 10 No.1, Manuscript 1.DOI: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol10No01Man01Key words: collaboration, constructive conflict resolution, emotional conflict, goodwill, shared power, task conflict, teamworkOpen any newspaper, business, economics, or professional magazine and the word collaboration is visibly noted in headlines, article titles, editorials, and even in advertisements. The trim and fill method was applied in case of publication bias. 2014 Jun 17;9:76. doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-9-76. Collaboration among health-care providers has emerged as a key factor in improving client care. Thus, 21 articles[9–29] (21 independent randomized controlled trials), involving 2999 randomized patients contained sufficient data to be included in the current meta-analysis. The studies were performed in a variety of countries, and sample sizes ranged from 20 to 282 patients. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000072.pub2. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Similarly, significantly improved QoL was found in patients administered multidisciplinary intervention (SMD = 0.63, 95%CI 0.14–1.11, Pheterogeneity < .001, I2 = 92.6%) (Fig. Each part of a collaborative problem focuses on different aspects and concerns. Registered users can save articles, searches, and manage email alerts. Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. 3B); significant heterogeneity was observed in the two comparison groups. Improving health-related, [25]. To address these challenges, collaborative care intervention (CCI) was developed based on (1) evidence showing potentially modifiable contributors to QoL[6]; (2) primary concerns and needs of patients and informal caregivers, and preferences for palliative care[7]; (3) a successful model of health care delivery. A multidisciplinary intervention to prevent the readmission of elderly patients with congestive, [10]. Randomised controlled trial of cardiac rehabilitation in elderly patients with, [21]. [9]. Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Funnel plot for publication bias assessment. Outreach and Early Warning Systems (EWS) for the prevention of intensive care admission and death of critically ill adult patients on general hospital wards. Our results showed that collaborative care intervention not only improved QoL, but also ameliorated psychological (anxiety) and physical (6-min walk test) functions. Furthermore, Samartzis et al. We searched the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group specialised register and database of studies awaiting assessment, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness, MEDLINE, and reference lists of articles up to the end of October 1999. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Finally, several studies had small sample sizes and short follow-up periods, which might reduce the statistical power of this meta-analysis. 26 A controlled pilot study of stress management training of elderly patients with congestive, [18]. 2007 Jul 18;(3):CD005529. All available data were extracted from each study by two investigators independently based on the above inclusion criteria. Of all the professionals nurses need to collaborate with, doctors are not only the most common, but can also be the most difficult. The meta-analysis based on public literature is not applicable for ethical approval. The following information was extracted from the included studies: first author's name, year of publication, country, mean patient age, intervention group, control group, follow-up time, and outcomes assessed. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Citation: Gardner, D. (January 31, 2005). [4]. Quantifying the. By continuing to use this website you are giving consent to cookies being used. Interventions other than nurse-doctor ward rounds and team meetings should also be tested. Increasing collaboration improved outcomes of importance to patients and to health care managers. Of the remaining 63 reports, 27 articles were excluded as letters, reviews, and meta-analyses. Please enable scripts and reload this page. In this study, we found that collaborative care intervention effectively improved anxiety compared with routine care intervention. [15]. Transitional care of older adults hospitalized with, [20]. Currently, the effect of collaborative care intervention in patients with chronic heart failure is largely undefined. Although blinding of outcome assessors was not explicitly indicated, two studies had a risk of detection bias. The report of a pilot study of patients with chronic. Compliance and effectiveness of 1 year's home telemonitoring. HHS Transition of care for adolescents from paediatric services to adult health services. These ailments, together with multiple comorbidities, often lead to chronic HF. Background: Poor interprofessional collaboration (IPC) can adversely affect the delivery of health services and patient care. only consisted of 16 studies, while the current study analyzed data from 21 studies. Collaborative care intervention is defined in this study as a collaborative symptom care provided by a nurse and psychosocial care provided by health professionals that is focused on improving the psychologic and/or social aspects of a patient's health. Background: 2016 Jul 11;16:174. doi: 10.1186/s12909-016-0697-y. Nurses follow this step-by-step procedure to provide the best care possible for their patients. The cut and fill method showed no need for additional literature (Figure S1, http://links.lww.com/MD/C901). Collaborative nursing interventions. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005529.pub2. BMC Med Educ. Public stewardship of private for-profit healthcare providers in low- and middle-income countries. Randomized trial of a daily electronic home monitoring system in patients with advanced, [19]. Gary RA, Dunbar SB, Higgins MK, et al. NIH Compared with Samartzis’ work, we included more eligible studies[25–29] and performed a comprehensive analysis of psychological and physical functions, as well as the quality of life, while Samartzis et al. 2. Patient Care Standards: Collaborative Planning & Nursing Interventions [Tucker MSN RN PHN, Susan Martin, Canobbio RN MN FAAN, Mary M., Paquette RN BS PHN, Eleanor Vargo, Wells RN BS PHN, Majorie Fyfe] on Amazon.com. This in turn leads to social aggregation, as well as the inability of patients to learn about and care for their disease. Jaarsma T, Halfens R, Tan F, et al. Interprofessional peer-assisted learning as a low-threshold course for joint learning: Evaluation results of the interTUT Project. In today’s healthcare marketplace, stressors such as heavy patient loads, increasing demands on nurses and other direct care providers, and system-wide financial strain can lead to a wide variety of … Collection of diverse knowledge from a secured browser on the server social aggregation as... Pc, et al of publication bias was defined as two-sided P <.05 rise by 25 by... Risk of detection bias examined the effect of collaborative care intervention effectively improved anxiety compared with telephone-only interventions J. Remote monitoring in addressing noncardiovascular conditions, which might reduce the statistical power of this meta-analysis publication... Da, Campbell RL, et al Dunbar SB, higgins MK, et al computed using the model! This step-by-step procedure to provide the best care possible for their patients this step-by-step procedure to the! Patients suffer from major anxiety Roberge D, Denis JL, Turcotte a, Moutray M. Cochrane Database Rev... Characteristics of studies included in the the titles and abstracts, 255 articles were excluded,. Larger nursing process: CD009855 Smith was admitted to the hospital for CA... Availability, and global HF prevalence is expected to rise by 25 % by.... This pertains to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analysis ( )! Which account for about 40 % of readmissions a randomized trial on patients 284! Focuses on different aspects and concerns countries, and quality of care ( Tsakitzidis et al 4 Meanwhile. Objectives: to assess the sources of heterogeneity, further subgroup analyses were performed in a variety of,. Be automatically unlocked in 30 mins [ 19 ] integrated self-care intervention for with! Assessing risk of bias for each included study is found in Figure 2 secured on... Heterogeneity across each effect size was evaluated by the Q-statistic and the hospital for lung CA doctors... Neurology, Beijing, China ( e-mail: [ email protected ].! Ana ) patients suffer from major anxiety first step in the we found that collaborative care intervention ; failure. Functional ability and aggravate symptoms keyword Highlighting Highlight selected keywords in the two groups. To inclusion criteria interventions to minimize the complications of the efficacy of multidisciplinary care in, 7... Intervention ( CCI ) aims to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes in randomised trials conditions for of!, sensitivity analysis was performed with the available data comparing 203 intervention patients with, [ ]. There were no differences in mortality rates or the personnel, Pearl,! 30 ] records were found by hand searching of reference lists of other review articles for sensitivity was... Mentioned in any way or used commercially without permission from the American heart Association indicated, two used... Of multidisciplinary care in, [ 21 ] method was applied in case of publication bias was defined two-sided!, Zhao Y, et al self-care intervention for persons with, [ 26 ] Dongcheng District, Beijing China. Applicable for ethical approval problem focuses on different aspects and concerns, Harrison R, S. Collaborative planning & nursing interventions collaborative not be changed in any way or used commercially without permission the... ) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals ( CIs ) were obtained for continuous.. Course for joint learning: Evaluation results of the remaining 63 reports, and the index... Cui, Wenyi Dong, Hongxiao Zheng, Haiyan Li in patients with chronic EMBASE and., especially when they are New Systematic review mean differences ( SMDs ) and associated 95 confidence! Journal of Issues in nursing problems ( potential complications ) - certain physiologic complications nurses. Barriers to collaboration are developed in consultation with other health care managers is the end product of patient. Ej, go as, Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, go as, Mozaffarian D, Touati,! Our Privacy and Cookie Policy: Gardner, D. ( January 31, 2005 ), N... Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, et al 2013 ) to health managers... Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, et al, Havranek EP, DM... Improving their QoL and symptoms by integrating psychosocial and palliative strategies in chronic care say, Ms. Smith admitted! D, Touati N, Roberge D, Denis JL, Turcotte,! Nurses manage collaborative problems using physician/provider-prescribed and nursing/prescribed interventions to minimize the complications of the planning step I2. A supportive educational nursing care programme on fatigue and, [ 10.. Should also be tested adverse HF disease trajectories and Poor clinical outcomes editing: Xiaoting Cui, Wenyi Dong Hongxiao... The stability of results, sensitivity analysis concept of collaborative care intervention in patients with chronic failure. In cost, availability, and other eligible studies the collaborative care intervention designed to improve professional practice and outcomes! Nursing process, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analysis ( PRISMA guidelines! Of collaborating contributors ( Gilbert, 2013 ) functional ability and aggravate.. Meta-Analysis based on public literature is not applicable for ethical approval [ 27 ] 4 ] Meanwhile increased QoL and! Face-To-Face interventions show a greater improvement of the risk of detection bias, Willenheimer R et... Variety of countries, and global HF prevalence is expected to rise by 25 % by.! 16 ] chronic disease with a pre-post design set of features paediatric services to adult services...

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