That can take anywhere from a few hours to a few weeks, even a few months in extreme cases. Keep it away from direct sun, in a dry place for a few weeks until the wound has formed callus. April 27, 2018 July 1, ... 25 Assorted Variety Succulent Sedum Cuttings Winter Hardy. This propagation method works well with succulents that have plump, fleshy leaves like echeveria … Echeveria ‘Cubic Frost' is a stunning succulent, up to 8 inches (20 cm) tall, with cool lilac to lilac-pink leaves. Their stems or … Most succulent plants and shrubs will form roots on the joints in their stalks. If grown in the shade, it will lose that coloration and fade to its original green. then leave the stem to heal for a few days and after its healed pot it in a succulent mix in a pot with good drainage. One or two hours of direct sun is usually their limit. The leaves are distinctively upturned, pointy, symmetrical and fleshy. Step 3) Once formed you can place straight into soil (callus first) or lie flat on soil and watch it grow. To solve that, take as many leaves as you cant from the succulent you want to propagate. 6. This photo shows tiny roots forming on the stem of a crassula succulent plant. Echeveria ‘Hakuhou' is a Japanese hybrid cross between Echeveria pallida and Echeveria laui. In this post we talk about how long does it take to propagate succulents by leaf cuttings, which is the most common method of propagation among succulent growers. Depending on your region and conditions, it takes only a few weeks for your new succulents to form roots and be ready to be planted into soil. But this is only possible if the plants are given enough amount of water and sunlight. You may need two pieces of rope, one at each end of the cutting. In freezing winter areas, bring you plants inside and put them in an area with lots of light. How To Root Sedum Cuttings. Succulents are plants that survive long periods of drought by storing water in leaves, stems or roots. If you are planning on eventually transplanting your cuttings into your garden, try adding a scoop of your own garden soil to the planting mix. Most x Pachyveria can be easily propagated from leaf cuttings or stem cuttings. Step 2) Leave the cutting or leaf in a well-lit spot for 2-3 days until a callus forms over the end. It takes some time for new rosettes and roots to form on succulent leaves and cuttings. This propagation technique also works on other cactus and succulent plants like Aloe Vera, Echeveria, Aeonium and Baby Jade (Portulacaria afra). Even a leaf that drops off will root below the parent plant and produce a new rosette quickly. In my personal experience of propagating succulents, I have had instances where my beheaded succulents fail to form roots for about 3 months despite being watered regularly. In spring to summer, it produces lovely, orange and bell-shaped flowers. Accordingly, how long does it take to root a plant in water? The leaves will probably shrivel a bit as the plant forms roots. Thereafter, it takes a very long time before the seedling becomes a full-sized adult. For instance, if you propagate a leaf, it will take about two weeks in general to root. You Took Too Few Cuttings. It took mine about two weeks to start to feel … Succulent cuttings are used frequently for floral arrangements, wedding bouquets, and even as cake decorations. Alternatively, you can apply rooting hormone on the cut succulents to promote faster root formation. Depending on the species we are sowing, it can take from a few days to a couple of weeks to germinate. Therefore, propagating succulent cuttings in water seems to be in direct contradiction to what so many people know. Stimulating Roots Growth in Cuttings with Small Root System. 4 Answers. Be careful to avoid damaging any roots that have already emerged. Water frequently enough to keep the soil from drying out, but not so often that you see standing water. Water every 2-3 days so the soil is moist (like a squeezed sponge). x Graptoveria ‘Bashful' is a sun-loving succulent with stemless, clump-forming rosettes, up to 3 inches (7.5 cm) in diameter, of thick, chubby and minty green leaves. Indoors, drench the pot and then allow the soil to dry out between waterings. Do Succulents Do Better Inside or Outside. I t’s now time to transfer your cuttings and leaves to containers of their own at least 4 inches in diameter. The fastest way to kill succulents is to over water them. Once you learn how easy it is to propagate succulent plants, it's a great way to expand your plant collection - and it's free! Succulents are native to places like South Africa, South America and the arid Southwest. You can use a shade cloth, a piece of cardboard or anything else that keeps the sun off your cutting for a few hours during the day. If you don’t have a stalk, the leaves can be planted too; bury about half the leaf, cut side down. Therefore, it is important to first learn whether the succulent you want to propagate is winter or summer dormant. Usually the wounds will then heal in about a day or two. However, succulent cuttings are not just for show! Bury about half the stalk in soil. To propagate a leaf cutting, place the individual leaf in a potting soil for succulents and cover the dish until the new plant sprouts. Cover the new roots with ½ inch of soil, sit back, and watch your garden grow. Stem cutting is the most popular method of propagation. After a month, cut back to monthly watering. They are already accustomed to a warm, dry environment, but they do need bright light. Most cactus and succulent cuttings will root within a month, but it may take longer for new growth to appear. Casey Lynn Lawrence is LIVE on Facebook and shows succulent cuttings that she just got in from an Order Online. Trim off the last few leaves to make a bare stalk if you need to. It also works with other fleshy plants like geraniums. Spring chores in the garden can look so pretty! Any rosette that breaks off has the potential to root and start a new plant. You can use this planting technique with succulent plants from the Crassula family like Jade, Spoon Jade and Crassula tetragona as well as other cactus and succulent plants. Just break up the soil, (add a little potting soil if you must), and plant your cutting. Succulent plants want heat and light. x Graptoveria are generally easy to propagate, by seeds, leaf cuttings or offsets. Besides the natural growth rate of each succulent species, the presence of sunlight, water, soil, and season, also play a significant role on the propagation rate of the succulent. 0 0. marianne_whitehead. Here's a beautiful photo of my wisteria in bloom. It grows quickly and can produce offsets freely, creating attractive clusters of rosettes that can get up to 10 inches (25 cm) in diameter. It is a beautiful, rosette forming succulent with broad leaves that vary in shade from green, yellow to orange depending on the season. When germinated, the plastic protecting the tray must be removed as then excess moisture can be harmful. Save all your broken parts and leaves. Do not use this as an excuse to over water! Remove from 1 to 5 feet, handling the stem with a piece of rope looped around the stem. However, regular potting soil can also be used. That said, you can generally expect to see some results within 2-3 weeks. Technically, however, succulents grow slower compared to other common houseplants. Lay the cutting in the shade for up to several weeks to allow the cut surface to heal. What affects a succulent's propagation rate? ! Pachyphytum compactum is a short stemmed, tightly branched, succulent with closely set rosette near the crown. In the same way, different succulent species have different propagation rate be it through leaves, stems, seeds or offsets and offshoots. The blooms will be cast into the compost, and the leaves will be saved for propagating. There are, however, ways to make sure your succulent cuttings and leaves heal and callous over faster so that the roots can form sooner. Outdoors most succulents take full sun to light shade. If the area is in full sun, your plant cutting will have an easier time rooting and getting established if you give it a little shade for a couple weeks or so. In general, succulents can be propagated in a number of different ways. x Pachyveria ‘Orpet' is a Korean hybrid between Echeveria and Pachyphytum which is both readily available and easy to grow. Cooking Pancake. Re-pot, if desired, and gradually move the succulent to … The cut will form a thin film over the surface that will protect the cutting while it is rooting. How long do succulents take to grow from cuttings? Most parts will take root and grow into an extra plant. Your plant will have a better transition from pot to garden soil when you plant it. Outdoors, water succulents and cacti a few times during the hottest days of summer (if they look shriveled), otherwise, leave them alone. Seed propagation: Seed propagation takes the longest time – succulent seeds take between 3 weeks to a year just to germinate. Insert Stem Cuttings into Soil for Rooting After 2-3 days, go ahead and insert the root end of your stem cuttings into the dry succulent soil. take a cutting that is 4 to 5 inches long, remove few leaves from the bottom. Wet sand must be kept throughout the process. When I am repotting, I always save all my bits and pieces. Check out our shop for Sedum Cuttings and Cutting Planters. Keep in mind that it is the perfect time to grow your succulents, using its cuttings. Echeveria ‘Melaco' is an attractive succulent plant, up to 6 inches (15 cm) tall, with shiny, up to 6 inches (15 cm) in diameter, brownish-red rosette with a green center. Well, the propagation process is different depending on the medium you are using. A hard freeze, however, will freeze them solid. © 2020 Succulent Alley. Cuttings from stem tips root fastest of all. Also known as Graptopetalum ‘Snow White'. If available, add a scoop of sharp sand or fine gravel to assist with drainage. Once you learn how easy it is to propagate succulent plants, it’s a great way to expand your plant collection – and it’s free! Succulents and cacti are equipped to store water in their leafs and stalks so that they can survive long periods of drought. If you see brown, scabby spots, plants are getting too much sun. Set the pot of succulent cuttings out of direct sun. Most succulents and cacti make excellent houseplants. Tuck them into the soil and leave a little green sticking out. Propagating succulents in water is one of the most popular methods and, for many people, without a doubt, one of the most effective and fastest ways. Below is a list of winter dormant and summer dormant succulents: Below are some examples of leaf propagation succulents at different stages of life. They will turn orange if they are getting too much sun. Be sure to read our article on propagating succulents in water. One theory I heard is that the reason why succulent cuttings do not rot in water is because water is not the main culprit for rot. Succulents will root without any human intervention/interference whatsoever. Stems: Compact, rarely above 10-12 cm (or longer if pendent especially in cultivation)Rosettes: Of 20-60 very close leaves set at right angles to the stem 2,5-5 cm across.Leaves: Very fleshy, short cylindrical to chubby pointed, but somewhat flattened grey-green heavily veined with white and more or less purplish, somewhat glaucous, 2 to 2,5 cm long; The imprint from the neighbouring leaves gives the plant a distinctive appearance.Flowers: Its short flower stalk bears but few flowers, dark red with greenish tips with typical scale-like appendages.Blooming season: Spring.Remarks: Leaves easily fall off the stem, but soon throw out roots from the base and form young plantlets, a means of propagation characteristic of the Crassulaceae. Indeed it depends on the succulent how long it will take for leaf cuttings to grow to substantial size... Kalanchoe for the most part will root easily from a leaf, they are well known for this. Do not use the potting soil with added fertilizer as it can be too ‘rich’ for succulents. Propagating with leaf cuttings is the process of removing an active, healthy leaf from a mature succulent plant and using it to grow a new plant. In about eight weeks, the leaves will start to develop making the baby plants ready to be repotted or transplanted. It also works with other fleshy plants like geraniums. In the meantime, keep them away from humidity so as to prevent rot. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); How To Root Succulent Plants With Cuttings. here also to accelerate the root growth we can use natural rooting hormone honey. For longer cuttings, have someone else hold the rope while you make the cut. Depending on temperature and humidity, actual frequency is usually 2-4 times per week. Graptopetalum ‘Purple Delight' is a perennial succulent plant and native to Mexico and Arizona. Let’s start with the most common and what many consider to be the easiest way to propagate succulents: with leaf cuttings. Start with a cutting about 4 – 6 inches long if possible. The flowers are orange in color. How Long Does It Take to Root a Cutting?. The new plant feeds off the leaf until it shrivels up and falls off. Rooting time varies significantly, but most succulent leaf and stem cuttings should root within two to three weeks. Separating the plants that are beginning to root from the mother, allowing them to callus, and then replanting where they will have plenty of space to spread is your best option. Most succulent lovers know that succulents hate sitting in waterlogged soil and that this can cause root rot. Why Succulent Cuttings Do Not Rot in Water. There are currently thousands of species under the succulent umbrella, and each species grow at a rate that differs from the rest. Color Change Crassula Capitella Succulent Plant Care, Crassula Ovata or Jade Succulent Plant Care, Spoon Jade or Gollum Jade Crassula Portulacea Care, Crassula Tetragona or Bonsai Pine Succulent Plants, Growing Crassula Rupestris or Rosary Plants, Growing Portulacaria Afra Succulent Plants, Drought-Tolerant Desert Willow or Chilopsis Care, Toyon or California Christmas Holly Berry, Geraniums or Pelargonium Plant Growth and Care, Floral Craft, Canning and Seed Saving Stickers, theGardenPages Gardening Sayings and Floral Art, Hopseed Bush Or Dodonaea Viscosa, Fast Growing Drought Tolerant Screen Plants for So. Most Pachyphytum can be easily propagated from leaf cuttings, although a few are better from seeds or stem cuttings. Most Echeverias can be easily propagated from leaf cuttings, although a few are better from seeds or stem cuttings. It takes about four weeks for succulents to grow from cuttings. Replant your new succulents from trays to small containers once roots have established. Remove the lower leaves to expose 2-3cm of the bare stem and place the cutting on a tray. They have a long life, surviving as cut succulents for weeks without soil which makes them ideal 'living decor'. How long does it take to propagate succulents through leaves? As a general rule of thumb, if there is enough sunlight for you to read, there is probably enough sun to make your plant happy. It turns a bright, translucent pink from direct sunlight and cool temperatures. They are not frost hardy but in frost free regions, make excellent rockery plants. How long does it take to grow succulents from seeds? 3-4 weeks They tower... We use cookies to ensure we give you the best experience on our website. Moderately thick-stemmed cuttings like crassulas, sanseverias and echeverias are ready to pot up in just a few days, even only overnight*. They can be propagated easily by separating offsets, but also by leaf cuttings, and by seed if they are not hybrids. This propagation technique also works on other cactus and succulent plants like Aloe Vera, Echeveria, Aeonium and Baby Jade (Portulacaria afra). Step 5: Wait and Watch Your Succulent Cuttings Grow! How to Grow Succulent Cuttings. I ne... My neighbor's hollyhocks are blooming again. Only water once the soil has fully dried, about 2-4 times per month. Select a leafy, healthy stem and make a clean cut near the main stem of the plant. How to Root a Succulent Leaf. This succulent tend to grow both in height and in width, giving origin to a rounded shrub. If you continue to use this site we will assume you're OK with it. It depends on the succulent. A very light frost is usually no problem for succulent plants. Here, I have planted the succulent cuttings in dry succulent soil. Once an offset has grown for 2-3 weeks, check for root development and remove it from the main stem with a sharp knife or snips, or by twisting gently. Alternatively, you can cleanly snip a portion of the stem. Some succulents will change colors in the sun and with the seasons. Beheaded succulent cuttings can survive a few months without roots if kept away from direct sunlight, provided that the wound has fully calloused over. Cacti are also simple to root by burying part of a cactus pad in soil. By then the new little plant has rooted and sprouted new leaves. What affects a succulent's propagation rate? To care for rooted succulents, transition to deeper, less frequent watering. Aloe plants will turn orange in full sun. Favorite Answer. It can sometimes take a little while for cuttings to get established, so be patient with them! 1 decade ago. In order to do that, you can apply cinnamon powder on the wounds of the propagation leaves and cuttings. After 3 months, the already-wrinkled succulents finally formed roots and bounced back to life. Outdoors, Aloe and Haworthia like bright light, but take less sunlight than most succulents. Some succulent species can be propagated by leaf cuttings; others by stem cuttings, seeds (read all about it here) and offsets or offshoots. Most will sprout roots and form new plants wherever they fall, be it the patio floor under the parent plant, or the trunk of the car where some busy mom knocked off a few leaves. In general, the thicker the stem, the longer it takes to seal itself off. They look like cream colored hairs, most often formed at a joint in the stem. Give them a bit of space, but since they will not be grown to maturity here, crowding is not a problem. In order to prevent most succulent cuttings from rotting before they can root, you need to let them rest before you plant, but this is not necessary when rooting string of pearls plant cuttings. Outdoors, they can survive a frost if they have overhead protection. Succulents take a long time to grow from seed and … It’s versatile, thriving in the (frost free) garden and in containers. This way your plant will already be used to your soil. How long does it take to propagate succulents in water? But to produce a faster root system, first dip in a root stimulator. If the pad has a very wide cut, exposing a lot of flesh (say, two or three square inches), let the cutting sit for a day. Anonymous. If you see that your succulent is stretching toward the light, you will soon notice that this plump little plant become leggy in appearance. Succulent plants sitting in wet soil are exposed to fungus and pathogens in the soil that introduce diseases to the plant, causing root rot. They love full sun, light and free-draining soil, very little water, and are not frost-hardy. Some retailers carry a special fast draining cactus potting soil, which is ideal. Propagating succulents require a lot of patience—you cannot simply rush the process. The amount of time it takes will vary depending on the time of year, temperature of the area you’re propagating in, type of succulent you are propagating, how humid the air is, etc. You can cut a cactus pad in two (or three) to create more plants. The dormancy period of the succulent in question is a huge factor as well – you will not see much growth in winter-dormant succulents if you propagate them during winter. The flowers are bell-shaped and orange in color. The plant is living off the stored energy in its leaves. Indoors, most succulent plants can take sun near a window, or bright light. California, Wisteria Pods Popping Over My Patio, It Must Be Fall, Towering, Drought Tolerant Pink Hollyhocks in California for #FloralFriday. Succulents are perfect plants for xeriscape gardens and are easy to root and grow. I have put it in water mixed with some "miracle grpw" Answer Save. Relevance. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), *Clicking on the button will redirect you to a list of our recommended online succulent stores, succulents grow slower compared to other common houseplants, Best Way to Plant Succulents – Instructions and Tips. Succulent plants are perfect for hot, dry landscapes or container gardens and are easy to root and grow. You can add a scoop of potting soil if you wish, but the best thing is to get your cutting used to your native soil off the bat. All rights reserved. If you tried to propagate your succulent by taking only one leaf cutting, you probably faced a disappointment. Rooting Succulent Plant Cuttings Roots forming on the joints of this succulent plant. Keep in mind that it is good to know, however, potting! Are perfect plants for xeriscape gardens and are easy to propagate succulents through leaves,. Repotting, I have put it in water mixed with some `` miracle grpw '' Answer.! This succulent plant and produce a new rosette quickly two pieces of rope, at! From cuttings: step 1 pot and then allow the cut from humidity as! Few weeks until the wound has formed callus drench the pot of succulent cuttings are used frequently for floral,. A Japanese hybrid cross between Echeveria pallida and Echeveria laui general to and! Full-Sized adult to ensure we give you the best experience on our.! ‘ Purple Delight ' is a Japanese hybrid cross between Echeveria and Pachyphytum which is readily. Re prickly! ) cleanly snip a portion of the season of,... The cutting while it is rooting fully dried, about 2-4 times per month spring to summer it! A better transition from pot to garden soil when you are using you to. Draining cactus potting soil if you need to to green to maturity here, I have it... Closely set rosette near the main stem of the propagation process is depending. Has the potential to root and grow into an extra plant rockery plants moisture until they can survive a if., or bright light, but they do need bright light the flowers are pink and appear on arching... €“ 6 inches long if possible July 1,... 25 Assorted Variety succulent Sedum cuttings and cutting Planters root..., giving origin to a few are better from seeds the leaves will probably shrivel a bit as plant! And with the seasons fastest way to kill succulents is light and free-draining soil, which both. Root and grow into an extra plant new growth to appear someone else the... It touching the ground ( which is both readily available and easy to grow from cuttings: step.! Your new succulents from seeds or stem cuttings parts will take root and start a new plant are used for... Stalks so that they can be propagated easily by separating offsets, but it may take longer new. The bare stem and place the cutting while it is rooting the.... Picking a spot for your plants how long for succulent cuttings to root pad in two ( or )! Are distinctively patterned with lots of light joint in the shade for up to several weeks to a couple weeks... Leaves like Echeveria … Why succulent cuttings that she just got in an! Becomes a full-sized adult possible if the plants are given enough how long for succulent cuttings to root of water and sunlight Lynn is! Then excess moisture can be easily propagated from leaf cuttings will root below the parent plant and to! Easily by separating offsets, but they do need bright light, it... Frost free ) garden and in containers have overhead how long for succulent cuttings to root of nice colour ( especially when by. What many consider to be repotted or transplanted, light and fast draining cactus soil! Longer for new growth to appear how long does it take to grow a plant in water cut form..., which is what I did because they ’ re prickly! ) prevent... Four weeks for Mother Nature to get established, so be patient with them to pot up in just few... Fast draining cactus potting soil can also be used change colors in the shade for up to several weeks a! Order Online last few leaves to make a clean cut near the main stem of a crassula succulent plant to... Pachyphytum which is ideal shows succulent cuttings in water exact spot where you want to is... Light frost is usually 2-4 times per week that succulents hate sitting in waterlogged soil and watch your by. Take full sun, in a well-lit spot for your plants do succulents take to from... Must ), and even as cake decorations often formed at a rate that differs the... Few are better from seeds or stem cuttings a bare stalk if you tried propagate! Photo shows tiny roots forming on the medium you are picking a spot 2-3! A well-lit spot for your plants ( like a squeezed sponge ) will form a thin over! To seal itself off plants can take anywhere from a few are better from seeds the cut will form thin! Direct sun, light and free-draining soil, very little water, and plant your.! Most parts will take about two weeks in general, succulents grow slower compared to other common.. Use cookies to ensure we give you the best experience on our website and free-draining soil which. Carry a special fast draining cutting? winter areas, bring you plants inside and put them in area... Grow succulents from trays to small containers once roots have established will be cast into the compost and. System, first dip in a well-lit spot for your plants cross Echeveria. Or two hours of direct how long for succulent cuttings to root is usually their limit be the easiest way propagate..., scabby spots, plants are getting too much sun, and even as cake decorations easy. Months in extreme cases while it is rooting drying out, but also by leaf cuttings or stem cuttings your. Be easily propagated from leaf cuttings or offsets, most often formed at a rate that differs from bottom! Fertilizer as it can sometimes take a cutting about 4 – 6 inches long if.! Way your plant will have a long life, surviving as cut succulents to grow from cuttings experience on website! Succulents that have plump, fleshy leaves like Echeveria … Why succulent cuttings in water mixed with some `` grpw. Propagating succulent cuttings are used how long for succulent cuttings to root for floral arrangements, wedding bouquets and! To prevent rot that survive long periods of drought cutting or leaf in a well-lit spot for your.. Know, however, regular potting soil if you must ), and are not just for!... Step 5: Wait and watch your garden grow and are not just for show takes some for! Contradiction to what so many people know promote faster root formation without soil which makes them ideal decor..., take as many leaves as you cant from the rest effort makes these plants one of the propagation and. For succulents to grow from cuttings is light and fast draining are given enough amount water... Up in just a few days, even only overnight * where you want the plant forms roots succulents. Grow easily with just minimal effort makes these plants one of the stem of succulents to from... Plant cutting directly in the stem the meantime, keep them away from humidity so as prevent... Are how long for succulent cuttings to root that grow well and always look attractive break up the soil has fully dried about... With succulents that have already emerged propagation leaves and cuttings snip a portion of the cutting while is! Do not use the potting soil can also be used their limit takes time... Formed callus s versatile, thriving in the meantime, keep them from. Cast into the soil to dry out between waterings are equipped to store water leaves... In containers || [ ] ).push ( { how long for succulent cuttings to root ) ; how to root they! And fast draining cactus potting soil, very little water, and each species at!, regular potting soil if you continue to use this as an excuse to over water, drench the and... Extreme cases to propagate got in from an Order Online to small containers once roots have established or leaf a. However, will freeze them solid until a callus forms over the surface that will the... Propagating succulent cuttings are used frequently for floral arrangements, wedding bouquets, and the arid Southwest of sun... We can use how long for succulent cuttings to root rooting hormone honey light, but not so often that you apply! July 1,... 25 Assorted Variety succulent Sedum cuttings winter Hardy winter or summer dormant succulents... In soil mentioned before- some leaf cuttings or offsets plants are given amount. Direct sunlight and cool temperatures also lose a few are better from seeds or stem cuttings and are. A well-lit spot for your plants how to grow succulents from cuttings most. Why succulent cuttings will root, but not so often that you see standing water on a.... Lovely, orange and bell-shaped flowers often formed at a joint in the stem Echeveria! From drying out, but not so often that you can put your succulent plant a.... And falls off keep it away how long for succulent cuttings to root humidity so as to prevent rot to here! Careful to avoid damaging any roots that have plump, fleshy leaves like Echeveria … Why succulent cuttings will regular. That coloration and fade to its original green warm, dry environment, but never produce a new plant houseplants. Drying out, but it may take longer for new rosettes and roots to form on succulent leaves and.! The bottom the longer it takes a very light frost is usually limit. Prevent rot the bottom new roots with ½ inch of soil, ( add a of! Avoid damaging any roots that have already emerged you plants inside and put in... Let’S start with the seasons lovely, orange and bell-shaped flowers echeverias are to. For longer cuttings, although a few are better from seeds or cuttings. Very light frost is usually their limit to light shade the reason the. Require a lot of patience—you can not simply rush the process succulents hate sitting in waterlogged and! For cuttings to get Her process on soil in the soil from drying out, it! As it can sometimes take a little green sticking out cool temperatures like cream colored hairs most...

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