Chile has been independent of Spanish colonial rule since 1818 and has experienced several changes in government since then. Chile's legal system is civil law based. In 1920, the economic crisis worsened the standard of living of the middle classes, which were politically closer to the working classes. In November 2019, Chile said it will stage a referendum to replace the country's dictatorship-era constitution in 2020, conceding to a key demand of protesters after nearly a month of violent civil unrest. document.cookie = "__adblocker=" + (adblocker ? In September 2005, President Ricardo Lagos signed into law several constitutional amendments passed by Congress. Chile's Salar de Atacama, an immense salt flat desert surrounded by the Andes, is the world's biggest lithium deposit and is at the center of the country's lithium plans. It is primarily based on the Civil code of 1855, derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by European law of the last half of the 19th Century. From 1906 onwards, the Radical Party demanded social reforms and the establishment of a democratic regime. Despite the country's good economic performance, life remains particularly hard for a large part of the population (12 or 14-hour working days for workers, very low wages, illiteracy of more than 50% in the years 1900–1910, etc.). 2020-12-05T12:21:08-04002020-12-05T12:15:39-04002020-12-05T12:10:06 ... against the country’s economic and political system. Between Fiscal Year 2015 and Fiscal Year 2020, the World Bank Group contributed to achieving the following results in Chile: - Chile has utilized financing in the education sector to improve the quality and performance of higher education through performance agreements with between the Ministry of Education and institutions of higher learning. In November 2017 two candidates from the Mapuche indigenous group were elected to congress–one to the current 43-seat Senate and one to the 155-seat Chamber of Deputies. The current lower house—the Chamber of Deputies —contains: 65 members of Progressive Convergence coalition: nineteen Socialists (PS), seven Party for Democracy (PPD), eight Social Democrat Radical Party (PRSD) and three independent pro Progressive Convergence; 8 by the Chilean Communist Party; 14 by the Democratic Convergence coalition: fourteen Christian Democrats (PDC); 71 by the Chile let's go coalition: twenty seven Independent Democratic Union (UDI), thirty-three National Renewal (RN); four Politic Evolution (EVOPOLI), and seven independent pro Chile let's go; 4 from the Regional Green Socialist Federation (FRVS); 20 by Broad Front coalition: eight Democratic Revolution (RD), two Liberal Party (PL), 1 Humanist Party (PH), one Green Environmentalist Party (PEV), one Power (PODER), and five independent pro Broad Front; 1 by Throughout Chile coalition: Progressive Party (PRO); and 2 independent. Chile’s political parties came to an agreement on postponing the April 26 plebiscite amid health concerns, with October 25 as the tentative date. The Chamber of Deputies has 155 members, who are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. In 2019, its population was at 19 million. Some repressions kill hundreds of people. After the 2017 general elections, which saw the victory of Sebastian Piñera's center-right coalition "Chile Vamos", the two other coalitions, Frente Amplio and Nueva Mayoria, associated to gain a slight majority in Parliament. Ballots are manually counted by the five vocales, after the table has closed, at least eight hours after opening, and the counting witnessed by representatives of all the parties who choose to have observers. From 1911 to 1920, there were 293 strikes. The National Human Rights Institute, a public entity, has documented 445 cases of eye injuries, mostly from police buckshot projectiles, 197 cases of sexual violence by authorities, and 520 cases of torture or other cruel treatment. ... Chile’s political class retains some advantage in formulating the new constitution. The last congressional elections were held on November 19, 2017. The bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional) consists of the Senate (Senado) and the Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados). On November 3, 2020, Chile's Interior and Security Minister Victor Perez resigned after being suspended from his duties when the Chamber of Deputies voted in favor of an investigation over allegations he failed to stop police abuses during protests. Oct. 19, 2020; Leer en español ... has protected conservative interests and the military and has suppressed political dissent for 40 years. Conservatives took over the country from 1830 to 1861, establishing an autocratic republic government and creating the Chilean Constitution of 1833. The current charter, in force since 1980 and enacted by the military government of Augusto Pinochet, has been amended numerous times in the years since. It entered into force in March 1981. Chile: Central Bank keeps monetary policy unchanged in December. The health crisis has broken through and forced the state to take radical action to contain and manage the emergency. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Chile a "full democracy" in 2019,[1] up .11 points and from being in the category of "flawed democracies" the previous year. Jan. 24, 2020; Demonstrators clashed with riot police during a protest in Santiago, Chile, in October. The vote set for 26 April was likely to be held in October, while government exploits ‘state of catastrophe’ to clear protesters. A few days after Pinera became president last year, his government announced it would not allow the consideration of a bill to amend the constitution that his socialist predecessor Michelle Bachelet had submitted to Congress. The law provides citizens the ability to choose their government through free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage. @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { This agreement was the main political reaction to the protest movement and accompanying unrest … Election officials said that 2,915 public spaces throughout the country were designated for plebiscite campaign materials, now permitted under strict conditions. northwest of the capital, Santiago. 1:54 AM ET Tue, 10 March 2020. France Latest news, analysis and comment from POLITICO’s editors and guest writers on French politics. From the year 2000 onward, Chile completely overhauled its criminal justice system; a new, US-style adversarial system has been gradually implemented throughout the country with the final stage of implementation in the Santiago metropolitan region completed on June 9, 2001. #ga-ad {display: none;} Protesters gather in downtown Santiago on Oct. 18, 2020, as the country prepares for a landmark constitutional referendum. The referendum would ask voters whether the constitution should be replaced and if so, how a new charter should be drafted, Senate President Jaime Quintana said. Chile's government is a representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Chile is both head of state and head of government, and of a formal multi-party system. Read more. Chile Prepares to Write a New Constitution—and a New Social Contract World Politics Review 14:09 16-Nov-20 S. Korea to hold 4th round of talks on amending FTA with Chile The Korea Herald 02:16 16-Nov-20 In 1912 he founded the Socialist Workers Party. He was dismissed by a vote of Parliament and pressure from part of the army. The political atmosphere in Chile is highly charged. The campaign period for and against a new constitution in Chile officially began on 26 February 2020, two months before the country's scheduled plebiscite. Between November 2020 and April 2021, the way in which opposition and government coalition parties tackle urgent social and economic issues will be a good test of whether the Chilean political elite will be up to the task of delivering a coherent new constitution. var setNptTechAdblockerCookie = function(adblocker) { Chile - National Plebiscite - 25 October 2020 Chile moved to postpone the 26 April 2020 constitutional referendum amid coronavirus crisis. Vocales have the duty to work as such during a cycle of elections, and can be penalized legally if they do not show up. Chile’s quest for constitutional reform: Risk or opportunity. The bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional) consists of the Senate (Senado) and the Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados). At its monetary policy meeting on 6–7 December, the board of the Central Bank of Chile unanimously decided to keep the monetary policy rate unchanged at 0.50%, its lowest point since 2009. Pressure groups according to the CIA World Factbook: Chile or Chilean organizations participate in the following international organizations: Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. A registered citizen can only vote after his identity has been verified at the table corresponding to his registry. The next congressional elections are scheduled for December 2021. The autocratic and conservative republic (1831-1861) was replaced by the liberal republic (1861-1891) during which some political conquests were made, such as proportional representation (1871) and the abolition of the condition of ownership to have the right to vote (1885). On November 7, Joe Biden was named the President Elect of the United States, and Kamala Harris the Vice President-elect, making her the first woman and woman of color in the White House. AD. } This also kicked off the period for radio and print advertisements, while regulated television airtime is set to begin on March 27. A slightly larger number - 87 percent, according to a survey by pollster Cadem published this month - say they favour the protesters' demand for constitutional reforms. These include eliminating the positions of appointed senators and senators for life, granting the President authority to remove the commanders-in-chief of the armed forces, and reducing the presidential term from six to four years while also disabling immediate re-election. The new cardinal, a Spaniard who was first sent to Chile … By early 2020, President Pinera's approval rating was at 12 percent and his disapproval rating is at 83 percent. After Pinochet left power in 1988, saying this country was ready to keep going along with a plebiscite, the Constitution was amended to ease provisions for future amendments to the Constitution. Chile's congressional elections replaces the binominal electoral system applicable to the parliamentary elections, by one of an inclusive proportional nature and strengthens the representativeness of the National Congress (D'Hondt System). However, it must constantly deal with the Senate, always under Conservative control, which systematically tries to block its reforms. d.setTime(d.getTime() + 60 * 60 * 24 * 2 * 1000); Mar 12th 2020. After nearly a month of resistance from President Sebastián Piñera, party leaders agreed to a nationwide plebiscite in April 2020, asking Chileans if … European and particularly British companies having appropriated a large part of the country's economy (saltpeter, bank, railway, trade), President José Balmaceda (1886-1891), leader of moderate liberals, decided to react by directing his policy in two directions: the nationalisation of saltpeter mines and the intervention of the State in economic matters. Protesters cite low wages, high costs for education and healthcare and a yawning gap between rich and poor in a country dominated politically and economically by a few elite families. However some commissions are allowed to meet in other places, especially Santiago. 26-03-2020 18:53:00 ZULU. In 2019, its population was at 19 million. During his first term in office, he pursued a progressive policy: labor law, the establishment of the tax on property income, the establishment of the Central Bank, creation of social security funds, etc. The crisis is Chile's biggest since its return to democracy in 1990, leaving 20 dead - five at the hands of state forces - and more than 1,000 injured. The current Senate composition is as follows: 36 seats are held by the Progressive Convergence coalition: seven Socialists (PS), seven Party for Democracy (PPD) and one Social Democrat Radical Party (PRSD); 6 by the Democratic Convergence coalition: Six Christian Democrats (PDC); 17 by the Chile let's go coalition: nine Independent Democratic Union (UDI) and eight National Renewal (RN); and two Politic Evolution (EVOPOLI); 1 by Broad Front coalition: One Democratic Revolution (RD); 1 by Throughout Chile coalition: One Country (PAIS); and 1 independent. Elections are very labor-intensive but efficient, and vote counting normally takes place the evening of the election day. December 9, 2020. Tweet. Chilean lawmakers agreed on calling a referendum in April 2020 to replace the current constitution, which was written and approved during General Augusto Pinochet's military dictatorship in … }, Page last modified: That same year, the leader of the Federation of Workers, Luis Emilio Recabarren, was elected to the House but his election was canceled by the House. script.setAttribute("src", "//www.npttech.com/advertising.js"); Executive power is exercised by the president and his or her cabinet. Eventually, Liberals rebelled and took control from 1861 to 1891, continuing to rule under the Constitution of 1833. Already facing the conservative aristocracy, he alienated the bankers. Politics | November 12th 2020 Latin America looks to shifts in policy under Biden Immigration and security policy will be at the top of the agenda, as will China's emergence as a rival in the region. script.setAttribute("async", true); The 2020 presidential election marks a potential turning point in the history of the United States. Each table is manned by five people (vocales de mesa) from the same registry. The last attempt was in 2000, when the project was rejected by the Constitutional Court, because it allocated funds from the national budget, which, under the Chilean Constitution, is a privilege of the President. A new parliamentary regime emerged from the civil war; it was the government of Fronda aristocrática. var script = document.createElement("script"); In the 1880s, the Liberals split into two factions: the moderates, who did not want to impose secularism too quickly and were willing to compromise with the Conservatives, and the radical Liberals, who joined the Radical Party founded in 1862 or the new Democratic Party with more progressive, if not socialist, ideas. Security forces had been accused of torturing protesters, with a public prosecutor announcing his intent to investigate 14 police officers over abuse claims. He committed suicide by firearm at the end of the civil war that his supporters lost. The Senate is made up of 50 members elected from regions or subregions. Trade unionism was organized and fought; strikes and workers' demonstrations multiplied, sometimes very harshly repressed: general strike in Santiago (1905), railways and mines in Antofagasta (1906), a demonstration in Iquique (1907). Nathalia Santos Ocasio . Parliament just adopted a controversial reform that allows citizens to have 10% of their pensions savings paid out as emergency coronavirus aid. This vote, along with various discussions on institutional design and Chile’s social model, was postponed until October 2020 due to the pandemic. Latin America in the 20th century: 1889-1929, 1991, p. 181-186, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Palacio de los Tribunales de Justicia de Santiago, Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, International Organization for Standardization, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan, UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Secretariat for Multidimensional Security, Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Chile&oldid=992305611, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2020, All articles needing additional references, Democracy Index rating template users with comma, Wikipedia articles scheduled for update tagging, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from December 2013, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Student federations at all major universities, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (, This page was last edited on 4 December 2020, at 16:17. document.cookie = "__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/"; If elections to the body were needed, they would be held in October 2020 to coincide with regional and municipal ballots. The country of Chile in southwestern South America has an area of 756,102 km 2. Chile: millions head to polls in referendum on constitutional reform Abolishing Pinochet-era constitution was key demand of last year’s protests Published: 25 Oct 2020 A protest movement that began in October 2019 has spurred millions of Chileans to demonstrate against cost-of-living increases imposed by the centre-right government, but also against social and economic inequality more broadly. Brussels Latest news, analysis and comment from POLITICO’s editors and guest writers in Europe. In August, Chile’s gender identity law, promulgated by President Piñera in November 2018, passed its final stage of approval and is due to go into full effect by early 2020. Chilean political forces are divided between left, centre-left and centre-right coalitions. One voting table, with a ballot-box each, is set up for at-most 200 names in the voting registry. Shortly before his withdrawal from power, he drew up a new Constitution that was considered to be the advent of true democracy in Chile. Germany Latest news, analysis and comment from POLITICO’s editors and guest writers on German politics. The Constitution of Chile was approved in a national plebiscite in September 1980, under the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. Thousands of protesters and bystanders have been hospitalised for injuries sustained during crackdowns on protests by the Carabineros police force. After weeks of sometimes violent demonstrations, most polls show the protest movement is supported by 75 percent of Chileans. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of the National Congress. Political and social groups have a … var d = new Date(); Since 1987, the Congress operates in the port city of Valparaíso, about 110 kilometers (~70 mi.) First ruled by a Supreme Director, the country entered political turmoil and exiled him in 1823. Chile Economic News. Elections in Europe Latest news, analysis and comment on elections in Europe and beyond. This Constitution enshrines the separation of Church and State and religious freedom, declares compulsory primary education, restores presidentialism but by electing the president by universal suffrage, and above all proclaims that property must be regulated in such a way as to ensure its social function.[2]. Congressional members have tried repeatedly to relocate the Congress back to Santiago, where it operated until the Chilean Coup of 1973, but have not been successful. Former president (2010-14) and center-right candidate Sebastian Pinera won the presidential election and took office in March. (function(src){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.async=true;a.src=src;var b=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b)})("//experience.tinypass.com/xbuilder/experience/load?aid=bYdYZQml5V"); Chile moved to postpone the 26 April 2020 constitutional referendum amid coronavirus crisis.  Chile has seen its exports dropped 7% in February and the Chilean peso is being pressured by the U.S. dollar, says Rodrigo Yanez, deputy trade minister. Oct. 30, 2020 at 6:00 a.m. EDT. (CNN) For a country … As Covid-19 interrupts months of mass mobilizations in Chile, women continue creating political tapestries to resist state violence and systemic inequalities. "true" : "false") + "; expires=" + d.toUTCString() + "; path=/"; This new situation led to the election of Arturo Alessandri Palma. SANTIAGO. Chile accounts alone for more than half of the world's reserves, according to data from the U.S. geological service. However, it does not establish the state's responsibility to provide education and healthcare, two demands made by the millions of Chileans who had taken to the streets. The plebiscite, signed by Piñera in late December and which will be put to citizens in April 2020, will ask if citizens want to replace the constitution, and, if so, how it should be drafted. When the era of the parliamentary republic began in 1891, the struggle between liberals (pipiolos) and conservatives (pelucones) had already evolved due to the emergence of a multi-party system. script.setAttribute("onerror", "setNptTechAdblockerCookie(true);"); Chile is a constitutional multiparty democracy. document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script); NOTE: 1) The information regarding Chile on this page is re-published from the 2020 World Fact Book of the United States Central Intelligence Agency and other sources. It does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction. W ALK NORTH-EAST along the Alameda, the main avenue of Chile’s capital, Santiago, to the well-heeled neighbourhood of Providencia, and … No claims are made regarding the accuracy of Chile Government 2020 information contained here. Chile's enormous economic growth benefited the rich, but working and middle-class people still struggle with low wages and job insecurity. In November 2017 the country held presidential elections and concurrent legislative elections, which observers considered free and fair. It would propose three different models for a body to devise a new constitution, made up of either fully elected representatives, political appointees or an equal mix of both. The Mapuche minority, which represents approximately 9 percent of the population, have historically been underrepresented in government. Chile Politics March 2020 Chile: Chile enacts progressive tax reform in March; fiscal deficit expected to hit 10-year high March 13, 2020 On 1 March, the long-awaited overhaul to … July 7, 2020. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature of Chile. Mon 26 Oct 2020 00.16 EDT Last modified on Mon 26 ... disrupting public life and threatening Chile’s economic stability. The workers' movement was organized in the 1910s with the creation of the Chilean Regional Workers' Federation in 1913 and the Chilean branch of the Industrial Workers of the World in 1919. Demonstrators demanded greater social reform from the government led by Pinera, who has announced several measures in a bid to appease the public mood. Senators serve approximately eight-year terms. Politics set the tone. 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