That order of events are: a) Ahasuerus (Artaxerxes of Ezra 6:14) allowed Nehemiah to build the wall to protect the construction of the temple. The name appears in Ezra 4:6, the Book of Esther, and other religious texts. So when Ezra 4:7-24 describes an “Artaxerxes” who stopped construction on the temple of Jerusalem after the reign of Cyrus but before the reign of Darius, it confirms Darius I own account of this Magian usurper who he deposed. A king who, unlike Darius, had no reverence for the religious monuments of the people who he ruled. To him these … Likewise, people ask, is Darius and Cyrus the same person? Greek authors (first Plutarch, Artoxerxes 1.1) give him the surname “Longhanded, Long-armed” (Makrocheir, Latin Macrochir, Longimanus, New Persian Ardašīr-e derāzdast). The first Artaxerxes, among all the kings of Persia the most remarkable for a gentle and noble spirit, was surnamed the Long-handed, his right hand being longer than his left, and was the son of Xerxes. They also include official decrees from Persian kings (1:2-4, 6:3-12 from Cyrus). 1) The title may be used of more than one person, the same as "king" is used of more than one person. Smerdis the magician. This deprives us of a context for his reign. The question we begin to address in this essay is whether the Artaxerxes of these books is the same person as Darius, a question we shall answer, contrary to modern opinion, in the affirmative. The same Cambyses, called by his Chaldee name Ahasuems, Ezra 4:6, and here by his Persian name Artaxerxes; by which name he is here called in the inscription of this letter, because so he was called by himself and others in the letters written either by him or to him. Ahasuerus, a royal Persian name occurring throughout the Old Testament. Artaxerxes. A related theory suggests that Ezra spoke of Cambyses using his Chaldee name (Ahasuems) in verse 6, and by his Persian name or title (Artaxerxes) in verse 7. Later that same year, Darius took the throne after killing an alleged usurper he claimed had only pretended to be Cambyses' brother Bardiya. In that case, Ahasuerus and Artaxerxes refer to the same person—the king who immediately preceded Darius. Darius, Artaxerxes, and Ahasuerus in the Bible. Furthermore, Esther Rabbah claims that he hated Jews more than Haman! Artaxerxes I, (died 425 bc, Susa, Elam [now in Iran]), Achaemenid king of Persia (reigned 465–425 bc).. 1. Artaxerxes the son of Xerxes. Or, 2. Smerdis the magician. Or rather, 3. The same Cambyses, called by his Chaldee name Ahasuems, Ezra 4:6, and here by his Persian name Artaxerxes; by which name he is here called in the inscription of this letter, because so he was called by himself and others in the letters written either by him or to him. According to this theory, the first Artaxerxes was a usurper to the Persian throne and identified in other historical records as Smerdis, who only ruled for … In this fascinating account, Nehemiah, the Jewish cupbearer to the Persian King Artaxerxes [1], successfully petitions to take a group back to Jerusalem to rebuild the city walls after hearing they are in disrepair. The murderer accused the king's eldest son Darius of the crime, with the result that Darius was slain by his younger brother Artaxerxes, who then mounted the throne. The process of building began with Cyrus (Ezra 1:1-4; 6:3-5), continued with Darius I (6:6-12), and culminated with the decree of Artaxerxes, as indicated by Ezra 6:14. If “Darius” and “Artaxerxes” were indeed one and the same person, waiting until this late point in the narrative to introduce an additional designation for Darius does nothing but confuse the reader. Artaxerxes the son of Xerxes. Artaxerxes and Xerxes is not the same person. It is likely that this king is also known in history as Cambyses II, a son of Cyrus the Great. The “Artaxerxes” in verse 7 is called, in other historical records, “Smerdis” or “Bardiya,” another son of Cyrus (or possibly an impostor taking his place). That king ruled only seven or eight months. The fact that Artaxerxes first obstructed and then aided the rebuilding of the temple has caused some commentators to assume the Artaxerxes mentioned in Ezra 4 was actually a different person from the Artaxerxes mentioned in Ezra 7. The chapter discusses the permission Koresh His birth date is unknown, but he died in 401 BC during a failed battle to oust his elder brother, Artaxerxes II, from the Persian throne. Before getting into this question, however, it will be of some help to consider the actual content of these two books — or are they one book that has been divided in half? 404: Outbreak of civil war: Artaxerxes' brother Cyrus the Youngerrevolts Even then the temple wasn’t fully complete even though the building itself was fully erected. Darius was a member of the royal bodyguard of Cambyses II, the son and heir of Cyrus the Great who ruled for several years before dying mysteriously in 522. Eclipse data has been held in high esteem within the realm of academia and upon which much of Ptolemy’s chronology work depended. THESE are the men who were in strategic positions of authority and influence when the Lord’s time came for the Hebrew people to be released from their captivity, which began under Nebuchadnezzar and had continued through the fall of Babylon into the ascendancy of the Medo … His successor was his eldest son Arsames who was crowned as Not only is Cyrus not celebrated enough, but some have claimed that a Midrash identifies Cyrus, Artaxerxes, and Darius as the same person? Or rather, 3. The thesis of this study is that the Persian kings named Darius, Ahasuerus, and Artaxerxes in the books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther are one and the same. The People of the Bible—Part XXI The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Darius was a member of the royal bodyguard of Cambyses II, the son and heir of Cyrus the Great who ruled for several years before dying mysteriously in 522. They also claim a gemara explained that he was never righteous in the first place but corrupted. More than enough research data now exists that supports the fact that Xerxes and Artaxerxes were indeed the same king. There is another Darius mentioned in Daniel 5:31; 6:1-28; 9:1; 11:1. The Gemara in Rosh Hashanah 3b writes that Cyrus, Darius and Artaxerxes were all the same person: All three names are referring to the same person: He is Cyrus; he is Darius; and he is also Artaxerxes. Before it was king of the Babylonians (or Chaldeans, which is the same). Cyrus did play an important role in God’s plan, as Isaiah 45:13 prophesied without mentioning a decree by Cyrus. He was the son of Darius I of Persia; his mother was the daughter of Cyrus the Great. Cyrus the Younger (Old Persian: 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 Kūruš), son of Darius II of Persia and Parysatis, was a Persian prince and general, Satrap of Lydia and Ionia from 408 to 401 BC. Immediately preceding Artaxerxes I in the line of Persian kings, Ahasuerus is evidently to be identified with Xerxes. What the context of Ezra 4 tells us is that there are two additional Persian kings between Cyrus and Darius. Subsequent to Esther, Ezra leads a second return to the land of Israel about 20 to 30 years later in 458 BC under Artaxerxes (Ezra 7:1). According to history, the Persian kings reigned in the following order: Cyrus (560-530 B.C. In Ezra 6:15, then it mentions the temple was completed in the sixth year of king Darius. Darius Hystaspis, Artaxerxes of Ezra 7:1, Ahasuerus of Esther, and Longimanus could be the one and same person. Linguists believe that the name transcribed from Hebrew as Ahasuerus is intended to refer to the Persian king Xerxes I (486 – 465 BCE). Eclipse data has been held in high esteem within the realm of academia and upon which much of Ptolemy’s chronology work depended. Darius was … Whilst there is not much dispute amongst commentators about the identifications of Cyrus and Darius, they can differ about who were “Ahasuerus” and “Artaxerxes”. Sign. The Old Testament book of Nehemiah takes place during a time of exile and captivity for the Jewish people. In fact, Artaxerxes is the son of Xerxes. In the days of Artaxerxes; either, 1. Or, 2. If you read Ezra 6:14 it mentions all the kings who decreed for the temple to be rebuilt: Cyrus, Darius and Artaxerxes. During his reign, he had to deal with revolts in Egypt and Babylon. gives as Cyrus, Persian king 465-64 to 424-23 B.C. But an Achashverosh is mentioned one time in the fourth chapter of the book of Ezra in the context of other Persian kings. Great king, the name or title of several kings of Persia. Yet the Bible clearly tells us that there was a Median king named “Ahasuerus” who was the father of Darius the Mede, the same Median who (under Cyrus) was made king of Babylon circa 538-536 BC. Different Bible translations may use Xerxes or Ahasuerus, but they technically refer to the same individual, and are likely different throne names. Once one comes to terms with the fact there is nothing unbiblical about Seraiah being just an ancestor of Ezra, there is nothing to justify introducing a new label for him. King Ahasuerus. This shift also is visible in the book of Daniel. Generally they, following the standard list of Persian kings, List of the Kings of Persia from 550 BC to 330 BC According to the classical, older viewpoint, Ezra 4 discusses the continual opposition against the Jewish rebuilding efforts in a chronological order from Is Darius and Cyrus the same person? For we see that Ezra 6 ends with the completion of the temple in the 6 th year of Darius "even" Artaxerxes and then Ezra 7 opens in the 7 th year of this same Artaxerxes, with Ezra, now that the temple was completed and dedicated, heading to Jerusalem to teach his people the Torah. Once one comes to terms with the fact there is nothing unbiblical about Seraiah being just an ancestor of Ezra, there is nothing to justify introducing a new label for him. Cyrus II and Darius I were both part of the Achaemenid family dynasty. Only by seeing the order of events can we determine which king is meant by the title. ), Cambyses (530-522), Smerdis (522), Darius I (522-486), Ahasuerus (486-465), Artaxerxes I (465-424), Darius II (423-405), and Artaxerxes II (405-358) [see Cook, 1983, p. 350]. Later that same year, Darius took the throne after killing an alleged usurper he claimed had only pretended to be Cambyses' brother Bardiya. Persian Kings in the Bible - Iran in the Bible - Cyrus Charter of Human Rights - Cyrus the Great - Iran in the Bible - History of Persia and Cambysses, Darius the Great, Xerxes, Artaxerxes I Persian Kings according to the Bible. He was surnamed in Greek Macrocheir (“Longhand”) and in Latin Longimanus. Their laws are different than everyone else’s, they do not obey the king’s laws, and it does not pay for the king to tolerate their existence. The books also include letters to Persian kings from the opposition, and replies from the king. For a long time, they believed it was another name for Xerxes I, who reigned from 485-465 BCE. Darius was the second cousin once removed of Cyrus II — Cyrus’s great grandfather Teispes was Darius’s great great grandfather. Artaxerxes is also the same king as Ahasuerus and Darius Hystaspis. (Emphases above are mine). There is nothing in these Apocryphal Books that militates against the proposition that Darius Hystaspis, Ahasuerus of Esther and Artaxerxes of Ezra 7:1 are the same one king. Rather, these books support this. Darius Hystaspis, Artaxerxes of Ezra 7:1, Ahasuerus of Esther, and Longimanus could be the one and same person. He was called Cyrus [Koresh] because he was a virtuous [kasher] king; he was called Artaxerxes after his kingdom, i.e., this was his royal title; and what was his real name? Artaxerxes was the second son of Xerxes, who was murdered in the summer of 465 by his all-powerful vizir Artaban. Cyrus, Zerubbabel, Ezra, and Nehemiah . If “Darius” and “Artaxerxes” were indeed one and the same person, waiting until this late point in the narrative to introduce an additional designation for Darius does nothing but confuse the reader. Wise Men of the East, also called Magi, or Three Kings of the Orient. The Artaxerxes and Ahasuerus of the books of Nehemiah and Esther also being Artaxerxes I. A younger son of Xerxes I and Amestris, he was raised to the throne by the commander of the guard, Artabanus, who had murdered Xerxes.A few months later, Artaxerxes slew Artabanus in a hand-to-hand fight. The Megillah does not mention the names of the kings who preceded or followed Achashverosh. It is given in Ezra 4:7-24, to Smerdis the Magian, who usurped the throne after the death of Cambyses, B. C. 522, pretending to be Smerdis, the son of Cyrus, whom Cambyses had put to death.His usurped power was used, at the rebuilding of the temple. Some details. There is a letter from Rehum & Shimshai to Artaxerxes (4:7-16), a reply from Artaxerxes (4:17-22), and a letter from Tattenai to Darius (5:6-17). ARTAXERXES I ARTAXERXES I, a son of Xerxes I and Amestris, whose name Flavius Josephus (Jewish Antiquities 11.6.1.) Darius II died in 404 BC, just before the final victory of the Egyptian general, Amyrtaeus, over the Persians in Egypt. Similarly, Haman informs Ahasuerus/Artaxerxes of this allegedly rebellious and lawless people (Esther 3:8-9): “There is a nation scattered and separated among the nations throughout your empire. Submitted by Anaidis - anaidis@prodigy.com - 14 May 1996. Artaxerxes The Persian ruler who caused the building of Jehovah’s temple at Jerusalem to be stopped. [Cyrus] then either died or gave up that part of his government, in which his successor was Ahasuerus (v. 6), called also Artaxerxes (v. 7), supposed to be the same that in heathen authors is called Cambyses, who had never taken such cognizance of the despised Jews as to concern himself for them, nor had he that knowledge of the God of Israel which his predecessor had. 2. As for the title of the Persian kings, it changed with Xerxes to king of the Persians and Medes. Seems like a lot of assertions. (Ezr 4:7-24) Between the reigns of Cyrus the Great, who allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem (537 B.C.E. Darius was also Cyrus’s son-in-law as he married his daughter Atossa. This was several generations before the Xerxes I of Greek fame. 1. Xerxes (Khashayarshah) and Artaxerxes (Ardeshier Deraz Dast) Discovered to be the same Kins !!! Scholars are uncertain which king is referred to by this name.

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