• Persistent Agents. 2. • Non-Persistent Agents. Description: SARS-CoV-2 may also be called 2019-nCoV, HCoV-19, and COVID-19. Biological Agents Biological agents are found in many sectors of employment. Biological agents have some unique characteristics that make weaponizing them attractive. It is this that gives them their aggressive potential. It is estimated that the cost would be about 0.05% the cost of a conventional weapon to produce similar numbers of mass casualties per square kilometer. CDC Bioterrorism Agents Category A ¾ Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) ¾ Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin) ¾ Plague (Yersinia pestis) ¾ Smallpox (variola major) ¾ Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) ¾ Viral hemorrhagic fevers (filoviruses [e.g., Ebola, Marburg] and arenaviruses [e.g., Lassa, Machupo]) Category B ¾ Brucellosis (Brucella species) ¾ Epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens The purpose of this handbook is to provide an overview of potential biological warfare agents directed against human beings, problems that might be created during an attack in which a biological agent is utilized, and the current methods available to medical personnel for recognizing, preventing, and mana… biological agents, including pathogens that are rarely seen in the United States. An attack against people could be used to cause illness, death, fear, societal disruption, and economic damage. High-priority agents include organisms that pose a risk to national security because they can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person; result in high mortality rates and have the potential for major If feasible, design the facility, equipment, or process to remove the hazard. In the case of toxins, the production method must be acquired. The ability of an organism to damage the host (human, animal). 25 The effectiveness of an attack can be affected by the particle size of … Characteristics of CBRN Agents The medical effects of a CBRN agent depend on a number of characteristics that affect not only the medical presentation of casualties but also the delivery method, type of response, physical protection and additional resources required such as … It does allow research with agents for vaccines or … Biological agents which may be used at less than minimum containment conditions 8 Reclassifying an agent 9 Work with biological agents which have not been assigned a classification in the Approved List 9 The Approved List of biological agents 10 Annex 1 : Biological agents which may be used at less than the minimum containment conditions 34 The biocontrol agents protect plants from their natural enemies like parasites, from predation, etc. The time between the moment of inoculation (exposure to the agent) to the development of symptoms of a particular illness. Biological weapon production can be divided into several, general stages: 1) A biological agent must first be chosen and acquired. Biological features. Many of the commodities in Category 1 and Category 2 are covered by the MTAC. Biological weapons include any microorganism (such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi) or toxin (poisonous compounds produced by microorganisms) found in nature that can be used to kill or injure people. These organisms are potential biological agents because of their lethality, high infectivity by the aerosol route shown in animal models, and possibility for replication in tissue culture . As potential biological agents, rickettsiae are generally stable organisms of a small sized that can be spread by aerosol. 3. High-priority agents include organisms that pose a … exposure, and general characteristics of biological and chemical weapons, from which conclusions are drawn to complete the threat assessment initiated in Chapter 2. High-priority agents include organisms that pose a risk to national security because they 1. can be easily disseminated or tr… The genome of SARS-CoV-2 consists of 6 major ORFs that are common to coronaviruses, and the sequence of SARS-CoV-2 has almost 70% similarity to that of SARS-CoV and nearly 40% similarity to that of MERS-CoV [5, 6, 11, 12].The main differences among SARS-CoV-2, … Physical and Chemical Agents Pose a Threat to Human Health but Biological Agents are Most Severe. In addition to these living or replicating pathogens, toxins and biotoxins are also included among the bio-agents. The top two categories are: Category A agents. Like nuclear and biological weapons, chemical weapons are often classified as weapons of … They help in controlling the infestation of plant pests such as weeds, nematodes, insects, and mites. The chief characteristic of biological agents defined on pages 5 - 6 above is their ability to multiply in a host. It is this that gives them their aggressive potential. ( some NEπs might not work for BC even though they have great potential because they canπt survive shipping, they canπt be reared to large enough numbers for release, or they donπt integrate well with other tactics - chem , cultural etc.) Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses that contain a single strand of positive-sense single-stranded RNA. The ability of an organism to cause disease. Selected Biological Agent Characteristics Agent Type Disease/Condition Causative Agent/ Pathogen Description of Agent Transmissible Person to Person Infectivity/ Lethality Incubation Period Duration of Illness Persistence/ Stability Vaccination/ Toxoids Rate of Action Symptoms Treatment Possible Means of The chief characteristic of biological agents defined on pages 5 - 6 above is their ability to multiply in a host. Most biological weapons consist of living organisms (toxins are … Bio-Control Agents Biocontrol can be simply defined as the control of growth of an insect or pest by using a biological agent or living organism. This process is also referred to a biological control. Biocontrol is used to get pest-free fields. • Liquid – A econdary decontamination shower that includes a s soap-water solution will likely be required for liquid contamination to ensure effective physical removal of agent. ∑ Ease of manipulation - storage, shipping, mass rearing, release, integration. Desirable characteristics in a BCA against Verticillium are the ability to (1) affect the survival or germination of microsclerotia, (2) colonize the xylem and/or cortex and compete with the pathogen for nutrients and/or space, (3) induce resistance … When categorizing environmental agents in regard to human health, physical, chemical, and biological agents each pose different and great threats. Biocontrol Agents. 3) The agent is then prepared for delivery. Bioterrorism agents are pathogenic organisms or biological toxins that are used to produce death and disease in humans, animals, or plants for terrorist purposes. Chemical precursors, biological agents, biological and chemical processing equipment are also under the MTAC purview. They have the ability to adversely affect human health in a variety of ways, ranging from relatively mild, allergic reactions to serious medical conditions—even death. They are rarely visible and so workers are not always able to appreciate the risks they pose. A biological attack is the intentional release of a pathogen (disease causing agent) or biotoxin (poisonous substance produced by a living organism) against humans, plants, or animals. Any chemical agent that stays in an effected area for more than 12 hours. Biological weapons include infectious agents (pathogens) and toxins. SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emergent virus first reported as pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China in late 2019. Characteristics of Likely Chemical-Bioterrorism Agents. The 1972 Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention bans the use, production, stockpiling, or acquisition of biological weapons. Biological Diseases/Agents. It is defined as the reduction of pest populations by natural enemies and typically involves an active human role. Critical biological agents Category A. Choosing an agent requires matching the desired results of an attack with an agent's characteristics. Chemical weapon, any of several chemical compounds, usually toxic agents, that are intended to kill, injure, or incapacitate. Many of the agents cause a " flu-like " illness. The U.S. public health system and primary healthcare providers must be prepared to address various biological agents, including pathogens that are rarely seen in the United States. 3.1 The representative group of agents Biological and chemical weapons have been described as the “poor man’s atom bomb”, but this conveys a misleading impression of their • Characteristics of certain microorganisms Definition: Hazard: a biological, chemical or physical agent that is reasonably likely to cause illness or injury in the absence of its control. The act of bioterrorism can range from a simple hoax to the actual use of these biological weapons, also referred to as agents. A biological agent (also called bio-agent, biological threat agent, biological warfare agent, biological weapon, or bioweapon) is a bacterium, virus, protozoan, parasite, or fungus that can be used purposefully as a weapon in bioterrorism or biological warfare (BW). In summary, we know that biological pathogens have been used for biological warfare and terrorism, and their potential for future use is a major concern. Those characte… BOX 3. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the Coronaviridaefamily and genus beta-coronavirus that causes COVID-19 infections in humans. Optimal Characteristics of Biological Control Agents. All can have potentially extremely dangerous short term and long term effects. Rickettsiae as Biological Agents. The principal hazardous characteristics of an agent are: its capability to infect and cause disease in a susceptible human or animal host, its virulence as measured by the severity of disease, and the availability of preventive measures and effective treatments for the disease. Biological agents can be spread by aerosol sprays, explosives, or the contamination of food or water supplies. Identification and characteristics of biological agents in work environment of medical emergency services in selected ambulances The study has revealed a satisfactory microbiological quantity of analyzed air and surface samples in both study and control environments. These symptoms would include fever, cough, nausea, vomiting, and headache. Detection of Biological Agents VOLUME 12, NUMBER 1, 2000 LINCOLN LABORATORY JOURNAL 3 B have seldom been used throughout history [1–4]. Some of these biological agents have properties that would make them more likely candidates for weaponization, such as their lethality, ability to incapacitate, contagiousness or noncontagiousness, hardiness and stability, and other characteristics. In modern warfare, chemical weapons were first used in World War I (1914–18). The basic concept behind engineering controls is that, to the extent feasible, the work environment and the biosafety/biocontainment risk associated with the laboratory procedures should be designed to eliminate hazards or reduce exposure to hazards. Biological agents for biological pest control products are assessed in approval processes for pesticides or biocidal agents which are coordinated on an EU-wide basis. Viruses within this famil… The quality of being poisonous. Where complete encl… B2I3597 Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense 7 Basic Officer Course MOPP Analysis (Continued) Persistent and Non-Persistent Agents Definitions. The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention of 1972 out-lawed the possession and use of biological weapons; this … The U.S. public health system and primary health-care providers must be prepared to address varied biological agents, including pathogens that are rarely seen in the United States. 640 Words3 Pages. Characteristics of biological control agents and their antagonism against rice pathogens and pests Welcome to the IDEALS Repository. Biological agents have some unique characteristics that make weaponizing them attractive. Most biological weapons consist of living organisms (toxins are the exception) and, thus, can replicate once disseminated. The most devastating bioterrorism scenario would be the airborne dispersal of pathogens over a concentrated population area. With high-throughput sequencing, researchers announced the sequencing of SARS-CoV-2. The CDC divides biological diseases and agents into categories according to their threat to national security. They include bacteria, viruses, fungi (yeasts and moulds) and parasites. Biological agents include bacteria, viruses, fungi, other microorganisms and their associated toxins. Chap 2 - Hazards - Biological, Chemical, and Physical 12 Notes: Overhead 3 The symptoms of illness caused by the different bioterrorism agents are frequently very nonspecific. Aerosols of biological agents are invisible, silent, odorless, tasteless, and are relatively easily dispersed. The biological control agents are specific to harmful organisms and do not kill useful organisms present in the soil. They are 600 - 2000 times cheaper than other weapons of mass destruction. Engineering controls should be based on the following principles: 1. Keep in mind that all insect species are also suppressed by naturally occurring organisms and environmental factors, with no human input. If removal is not feasible, enclose the hazard to prevent exposure during normal operations. Biological agents are easy to develop as weapons, are more lethal than chemical weapons, are less expensive and more difficult to detect than nuclear weapons (5). Diseases caused by biological agents are not only a public health issue but also a problem of national security. – esponders suspect the contamination is biological, If r radiological, or a gas/vapor, a water-only shower is typically adequate. 2) After growing and multiplying to sufficient quantities, various selection and modification procedures can alter certain traits and characteristics of the microorganism. Biological control is a component of an integrated pest management strategy.

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